Must-Prepare AWS and DevOps Questions for 2025 Job Interviews

Learn Essential AWS and DevOps Questions for 2025 Job Success

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MindDev
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Must-Prepare AWS and DevOps Questions for 2025 Job Interviews

AWS Interview Questions (2025 Edition)

  1. What is AWS Proton, and how does it streamline DevOps workflows?

    • Answer: AWS Proton is a managed service for deploying containerized/serverless apps using templates. It automates infrastructure provisioning, CI/CD, and environment consistency.

  2. Design a multi-region active-active architecture on AWS.

    • Answer: Use Route 53 with latency-based routing, DynamoDB Global Tables, S3 Cross-Region Replication, and Application Load Balancers with cross-zone scaling.

  3. Explain the role of AWS WAF and Shield in securing applications.

Answer:

    • AWS WAF: Blocks SQLi, XSS, and custom threats via web ACL rules.

      • AWS Shield: Protects against DDoS attacks (Standard for all customers, Advanced for tailored protection).

  1. How does AWS Control Tower simplify multi-account governance?

    • Answer: It automates account setup, enforces guardrails (e.g., S3 encryption), and centralizes compliance monitoring.

  2. What is AWS Outposts, and when would you use it?

    • Answer: Hybrid cloud service extending AWS infrastructure to on-premises data centers. Ideal for low-latency workloads or data residency requirements.

  3. How would you optimize costs for a serverless app with sporadic traffic?

    • Answer: Use Lambda Provisioned Concurrency for cold start reduction, S3 Intelligent Tiering for storage, and CloudWatch metrics to right-size memory.

  4. Explain the use of AWS Glue in a modern data pipeline.

    • Answer: Serverless ETL service that automates data cataloging, transformation, and integration with Redshift, Athena, or SageMaker.

  5. What are the key differences between AWS Snowball and Snowmobile?

    • Snowball: Petabyte-scale data transfer via physical devices.

    • Snowmobile: Exabyte-scale data transfer using a shipping container.

  6. How does AWS CloudTrail enhance security and compliance?

    • Answer: Logs API activity across AWS accounts for auditing, threat detection, and compliance reporting.

  7. What is AWS App Runner, and how does it compare to ECS/Fargate?

    • Answer: Fully managed service to deploy containerized apps without infrastructure setup. Simpler than ECS but less customizable.

DevOps Interview Questions (2025 Edition)

  1. How do you implement FinOps in a cloud environment?

    • Answer:

      • Use tools like CloudHealth or AWS Cost Explorer for visibility.

      • Establish accountability with cross-team budgets.

      • Automate cost alerts and rightsizing recommendations.

  2. Explain the concept of chaos engineering in DevOps.

    • Answer: Proactively testing system resilience by simulating failures (e.g., using Chaos Monkey or AWS Fault Injection Simulator).

  3. What is Policy as Code, and how is Open Policy Agent (OPA) used?

    • Answer: Define security/compliance rules as code (e.g., Terraform Sentinel, OPA) to automate enforcement in CI/CD pipelines.

  4. How do you achieve GitOps with ArgoCD and AWS CDK?

    • Answer: Store infrastructure-as-code (CDK) in Git, and use ArgoCD to auto-sync Kubernetes clusters or serverless deployments.

  5. What are the benefits of Spinnaker in multi-cloud deployments?

    • Answer: Unified CI/CD tool for AWS, GCP, and Azure with built-in canary deployments and rollback workflows.

  6. How to manage secrets in Kubernetes using HashiCorp Vault?

    • Answer: Inject secrets via Vault Agent Sidecar or use CSI driver to dynamically fetch secrets for pods.

  7. Explain the role of OpenTelemetry in observability.

    • Answer: Open-source framework to collect metrics, logs, and traces across services (replaces vendor-specific agents).

  8. How does AI enhance incident response in DevOps?

    • Answer: Tools like PagerDuty or AWS DevOps Guru use ML to predict outages, prioritize alerts, and suggest fixes.

  9. What is Sustainable DevOps, and how do you implement it?

    • Answer: Reduce cloud carbon footprint by optimizing resource usage, scheduling non-critical workloads, and using AWS Compute Optimizer.

  10. How to enforce zero-trust security in a CI/CD pipeline?

    • Answer:

      • Scan code for vulnerabilities (Snyk, Trivy).

      • Require MFA for pipeline triggers.

      • Isolate build environments with AWS CodeBuild VPC support.

Scenario-Based Questions

  1. “How would you migrate a monolithic app to microservices on AWS?”

    • Answer:

      1. Use AWS App2Container to refactor code.

      2. Deploy services to ECS Fargate or EKS.

      3. Implement API Gateway for routing and EventBridge for decoupled communication.

  2. “Our AI training pipeline is slow. Optimize it on AWS.”

    • Answer: Use SageMaker Distributed Training with GPU instances, FSx for Lustre for high-throughput data, and parallelize steps with Step Functions.

  3. “Handle a DDoS attack on an AWS-hosted application.”

    • Answer:

      1. Enable AWS Shield Advanced and WAF with rate-limiting rules.

      2. Use CloudFront to absorb traffic and Route 53 for DNS failover.

      3. Scale backend services with Auto Scaling groups.

  4. “Implement blue/green deployments using AWS CodeDeploy.”

    • Answer:

      1. Deploy new version to a separate environment (e.g., ASG/ECS).

      2. Shift traffic using ALB or API Gateway.

      3. Automate rollback on failure via CloudWatch alarms.

  5. “How to reduce data transfer costs in a hybrid AWS setup?”

    • Answer: Use AWS Direct Connect for dedicated network links, compress data with S3 Transfer Acceleration, and cache frequently accessed data locally.

  1. Explain AI-driven infrastructure provisioning.

    • Answer: Tools like AWS CodeWhisperer or Google’s Vertex AI suggest infrastructure templates based on natural language prompts.

  2. How do SBOMs (Software Bill of Materials) improve supply chain security?

    • Answer: SBOMs inventory dependencies to track vulnerabilities (e.g., using Syft or AWS Inspector).

  3. What is eBPF, and how is it used in Kubernetes networking?

    • Answer: eBPF enables kernel-level networking observability and security (e.g., Cilium for service mesh).

  4. How to implement confidential computing on AWS?

    • Answer: Use AWS Nitro Enclaves for isolated processing of sensitive data, encrypted in memory and CPU.

  5. What is the role of WebAssembly (Wasm) in serverless?

    • Answer: Wasm runtimes (e.g., Fermyon) enable fast, portable serverless functions beyond traditional Lambda runtimes.

Final Tips for 2025 Success

  • Certifications: AWS Certified DevOps Pro, CKA (Kubernetes), and HashiCorp Terraform Associate.

  • Hands-On Labs: Practice on AWS Skill Builder, KodeKloud, or GitHub Actions sandboxes.

  • Stay Agile: Follow AWS re:Invent , KubeCon, and DevOps Enterprise Summit for emerging trends.

Need more? Check out:

Good luck—2025 is yours to conquer! 🚀

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